 |
location in the center of the Eurasian landmass |
|
|
“divided” civilisation: “westernisers”
versus “Slavophiles” (traditionalists) |
|
|
rigid centralised state dominated
by an autocratic ruler |
|
|
social progress achieved through state regulation of all
aspects of socio-economic
development |
|
|
reforms as revolutions from above |
|
|
contradiction between progressive aims and barbaric means |
|
|
one-sided, “technocratic” Europeanisation |
|
|
Europeanisation strengthened the
oppressive character of the state |
|
|
cultural and ideological divide between a Westernised
elite and the lower classes
|
